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| Conductor Information | ||
| Coax Formulae | ||
| Dielectric Information |
| Annealed Copper Conductors - Nickel Plated (NPC), Silver Plated (SPC), and Tin Plated (TPC) | |||||||||||||
| AWG Size | Conductor area (Circular Mils) | K-Value | Stranding (# if Strands x Strand AWG) | Nominal Dia. of Individuals Strands | Diameter of Stranded Conductor | Max. Resistance @ 20°C (Ω / 1000 feet) | |||||||
| Minimum | Maximum | ||||||||||||
| Small Diameter | General Purpose | ||||||||||||
| Nominal | Minimum | SPC | NPC & TPC | SPC | NPC & TPC | SPC | NPC | TPC | |||||
| 30 | 112 | 102 | .770 | 7x38 | .0040 | .0105 | .0124 | .0134 | .0124 | .0134 | 100.7 | 110.7 | 108.4 |
| 28 | 175 | 161 | 1.05 | 7x36 | .0050 | .0135 | .0154 | .0164 | .0154 | .0164 | 63.8 | 67.9 | 68.6 |
| 26 | 304 | 275 | 1.34 | 19x38 | .0040 | .0175 | .0194 | .0204 | .0204 | .0214 | 38.4 | 42.2 | 41.3 |
| 24 | 475 | 434 | 1.18 | 19x36 | .0050 | .0225 | .0244 | .02744 | .0254 | .0264 | 24.3 | 25.9 | 26.2 |
| 22 | 754 | 694 | 1.87 | 19x34 | .0063 | .0285 | .0304 | .0314 | .0324 | .0334 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 16.2 |
| 20 | 1,216 | 1127 | 1.34 | 19x32 | .0080 | .0365 | .0384 | .0394 | .0404 | .0414 | 9.19 | 9.77 | 9.88 |
| 18 | 1,900 | 1770 | 1.34 | 19x30 | .0100 | .0455 | .0484 | .0494 | .0504 | .0514 | 5.79 | 6.10 | 6.23 |
| 16 | 2,426 | 2261 | 1.19 | 19x29 | .0113 | .0515 | .0544 | .0554 | .0574 | .0584 | 4.52 | 4.76 | 4.81 |
| 14 | 3,831 | 3570 | 1.38 | 19x27 | .0142 | .0645 | .0684 | .0694 | .0724 | .0734 | 2.88 | 3.00 | 3.06 |
| 12 | 6,038 | 5672 | 1.67 | 19x25 | .0179 | .0815 | .0854 | .0864 | .0904 | .0924 | 1.81 | 1.89 | 1.92 |
| 12 | 5,874 | 5473 | 1.26 | 37x28 | .0126 | .0835 | .0874 | .0894 | .0894 | .0904 | 1.90 | 1.98 | 2.02 |
| 10 | 9,354 | 8716 | 1.35 | 37x26 | .0159 | .1060 | .1100 | .1120 | .1120 | .1140 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 1.26 |
| 8 | 16,983 | 16645 | 2.29 | 133x29 | .0113 | .1580 | .1660 | .1690 | .1690 | .1730 | .658 | .694 | .701 |
| 6 | 26,818 | 26284 | 2.31 | 133x27 | .0142 | .1980 | .2080 | .2120 | .2130 | .2170 | .418 | .436 | .445 |
| 4 | 42,615 | 41767 | 2.55 | 133x25 | .0179 | .2500 | .2630 | .2680 | .2680 | .2740 | .264 | .275 | .280 |
| 2 | 66,500 | 64981 | 3.21 | 665x30 | .0100 | .3200 | .3400 | .3400 | .170 | .177 | .183 | ||
| 1 | 81,700 | 79878 | 2.89 | 817x30 | .0100 | .3660 | .3800 | .3800 | .139 | .144 | .149 | ||
| 1/0 | 104,500 | 102126 | 3.24 | 1,045x30 | .0100 | .3950 | .4250 | .4250 | .108 | .113 | .116 | ||
| 2/0 | 133,000 | 130059 | 3.15 | 1,330x30 | .0100 | .4400 | .4750 | .4750 | .085 | .089 | .091 | ||
| 3/0 | 166,500 | 162795 | 3.09 | 1,665x30 | .0100 | .5000 | .5400 | .5400 | .068 | .071 | .071 | ||
| 4/0 | 210,900 | 206,213 | 3.32 | 2,109x30 | .0100 | .5650 | .6050 | .6050 | .054 | .056 | .056 | ||
Allowable number of missing strands: AWG 30-4:0; AWG 2-1:2; AWG 1/0-2/0:3; AWG 3/0:4; AWG 4/0:5.
Elongation, % min: AWG 30-24:6; AWG 22-4/0:10.
Nominal values are for information only, and are not requirements. Dimensions in inches.
| High-Strength Copper Alloy Conductors-Nickel Plated (NPA) and Silver Plated (SPA) | |||||||||||||
| AWG Size | Conductor area (Circular Mils) | K-Value | Stranding (# if Strands x Strand AWG) | Nominal Dia. of Individuals Strands | Diameter of Stranded Conductor | Minimum Break Strength (pounds) | Max. Resistance @ 20°C (Ω / 1000 feet) | ||||||
| Minimum | Maximum | ||||||||||||
| Small Diameter | General Purpose | ||||||||||||
| Nominal | Minimum | SPA | NPA | SPA | NPA | SPA | NPA | ||||||
| 30 | 102 | .770 | 7x38 | .0040 | .0105 | .0124 | .0134 | .0124 | .0134 | 117.4 | 129.6 | 5.20 | |
| 28 | 175 | 161 | 1.05 | 7x36 | .0050 | .0135 | .0154 | .0164 | .0154 | .0164 | 74.4 | 79.0 | 8.20 |
| 26 | 304 | 275 | 1.34 | 19x38 | .0040 | .0175 | .0204 | .0204 | .0204 | .0214 | 44.8 | 49.4 | 14.2 |
| 24 | 475 | 434 | 1.18 | 19x36 | .0050 | .0225 | .0244 | .0254 | .0254 | .0264 | 28.4 | 30.1 | 22.4 |
| 22 | 754 | 694 | 1.87 | 19x34 | .0063 | .0285 | .0314 | .0314 | .0324 | .0334 | 17.5 | 18.6 | 35.8 |
| 20 | 1,216 | 1,127 | 1.34 | 19x32 | .0080 | .0365 | .0395 | .0404 | .0404 | .0414 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 58.1 |
| 18 | 1,900 | 1,770 | 1.34 | 19x30 | .0100 | .0465 | .0467 | .0467 | .0504 | .0514 | 6.43 | 6.79 | 90.3 |
| 16 | 2,426 | 2,261 | 1.19 | 19x29 | .0113 | .0515 | .0530 | .0530 | .0574 | .0584 | 4.90 | 5.16 | 115 |
Allowable number of missing strands: All sizes: 0 • Elongation, % min: All sizes: 6.
Nominal values are for information only and are not requirements. Dimensions in inches.
| 27 Percent Nickel-Coated Conductors - Copper (NHC) and High-Strength Copper Alloy (NHA) | |||||||||
| AWG Size | Conductor area (Circular mils) | K-Value | Stranding (# of Strands x Strand AWG) | Nominal Dia. of Individual Strands | Diameter of Stranded Conductor | Max. Resistance @ 20°C (Ω / 1000 feet) | |||
| Nominal | Minimum | Minimum | Maximum | NHC | NHA | ||||
| 22 | 754 | 694 | 1.87 | 19x34 | .0063 | .0290 | .0330 | 23.7 | 25.6 |
| 20 | 1,216 | 1,127 | 1.34 | 19x32 | .0080 | .0365 | .0415 | 14.6 | 15.3 |
| 18 | 1,900 | 1,770 | 1.34 | 19x30 | .0100 | .0455 | .0520 | 9.14 | 9.59 |
| 16 | 2,426 | 2,261 | 1.19 | 19x29 | .0113 | .052 | .061 | 6.85 | 7.30 |
| 14 | 3,831 | 3,570 | 1.38 | 19x27 | .0142 | .065 | .074 | 4.32 | |
| 12 | 6,038 | 5,672 | 1.67 | 19x25 | .0179 | .082 | .094 | 2.78 | |
| 10 | 9,880 | 8,716 | 1.35 | 49x27 | .0142 | .123 | .129 | 1.68 | |
| 8 | 16,983 | 16,645 | 2.29 | 133x29 | .0113 | .158 | .179 | .936 | |
| 6 | 26,818 | 26,284 | 2.31 | 133x27 | .0142 | .198 | .218 | .591 | |
| 4 | 42,615 | 41,767 | 2.55 | 133x25 | .0179 | .250 | .272 | .375 | |
| 2 | 66,500 | 64,981 | 3.21 | 665x30 | .0100 | .320 | .345 | .241 | |
| 1 | 81,700 | 79,878 | 2.89 | 817x30 | .0100 | .355 | .384 | .196 | |
| 1/0 | 104,500 | 102,126 | 3.24 | 1,045x30 | .0100 | .395 | .432 | .153 | |
| 2/0 | 133,000 | 130,059 | 3.15 | 1,330x30 | .0100 | .440 | .490 | .120 | |
| 3/0 | 166,500 | 162,795 | 3.09 | 1,665x30 | .0100 | .500 | .548 | .096 | |
| 4/0 | 210,900 | 206,213 | 3.32 | 2,109x30 | .0100 | .565 | .615 | .077 | |
Allowable number of missing strands: AWG 22-4:0; AWG 2-1:2; AWG 1/0-2/0:3; AWG 3/0:4; AWG 4/0:5.
Elongation, % min: NHA, AWG 22-16:6; NHC, all sizes: 10.
Nominal values are for information only, and are not requirements. Dimensions in inches.
| Type KPH, KPS, KNH, and KNS Thermocouple Conductors | ||||||||||
| AWG Size | Conductor area (Circular Mils) | Stranding (# of Strands x Strand AWG) | Nominal Dia.of Individual Strands | Diameter of Stranded Conductor | Max. Resistance @ 20°C (Ω / 1000 feet) | |||||
| KPH | KPS | |||||||||
| Nominal | Minimum | Minimum | Maximum | Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | |||
| 22 | 754 | 694 | 19x34 | .0063 | .029 | .033 | 546.7 | 604.3 | 228.2 | 252.3 |
| 20 | 1.216 | 1,127 | 19x32 | .0080 | .037 | .041 | 339.2 | 375.0 | 141.5 | 156.5 |
| 18 | 1,900 | 1,770 | 19x30 | .0100 | .046 | .051 | 217.0 | 240.0 | 90.5 | 100.2 |
| 16 | 2,426 | 2,261 | 19x29 | .0113 | .052 | .058 | 169.7 | 187.7 | 70.6 | 78.2 |
| 14 | 3.831 | 3,570 | 19x27 | .0142 | .065 | .073 | 107.6 | 119.0 | 44.9 | 49.7 |
Allowable number of missing strands: All sized: 0.
Nominal values are for information only, and are not requirements. Dimensions in inches.
Characteristic Impedance: Coaxial cables are typically 50Ω, 75Ω, or 95 Ω impedance. Cables with 50Ω impedance are the most common, because they offer the best balance between maximum power transmission and minimum loss. Where minimum attenuation is the most important consideration, such as in CATV systems, 75Ω cable is more widely used.
Attenuation: Losses occur in coaxial cables both from conductor loss and dieletric inefficiency. PTFE has become the most commonly used dielectric in MIL-C-17 and other coaxial cables because it combines a low dielectric constant with good mechanical stability through a wide temperature and frequency range.
VSWR (Voltage-Standing Wave Ratio): VSWR is one of the most important characteristics of a coaxial cable because it is the measure of the cable’s overall efficiency in transmitting a signal at a given frequency. It is expressed as the ratio of the cable’s mismatch to a perfect match, i.e. 1.25:1. Advanced, consistent cable manufacturing techniques minimize not only the overall VSWR, but can also minimize or eliminate VSWR spikes at specific frequencies.
Cutoff Frequency: The cutoff frequency of a coaxial cable is the frequency at which it no longer transmits its TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic Mode) signal.
| Coaxial Cable Formulae | |||||||
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| Dielectric Constants | |||||||
| Air................. | 1.0 | Foamed FEP ........ | 1.5-2.0 | Polyimide............ | 3.0-3.5 | PVC............... | 4.5-5.8 |
| E Glass ............ | 6.0 | Mica Glass.......... | 1.2-3.0 | Polyimide/FEP film.. | 2.2-2.3 | PVF............... | 3.0-8.4 |
| ETFE............... | 2.6 | Nylon............... | 4.5 | Polypropylene........ | 2.3 | Silicone Rubber... | 2.1-3.5 |
| Expanded PTFE.. | 1.4-2.0 | PFA................ | 2.0 | Polysulfone........... | 3.1 | Urethanes.......... | 6.7-7.5 |
| FEB................ | 2.0 | Polyethylene........ | 2.3 | PTFE................. | 2.0 | ||
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